risk
Interaction between tryptophan hydroxylase I polymorphisms and childhood abuse is associated with increased risk for borderline personality disorder in adulthood
Introduction: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe disorder with high morbidity and mortality, but unknown etiology. Childhood abuse has been proposed as an etiological factor, but the mechanism by which an abuse history could influence the risk for BPD has not been determined.
Increased Risk of Antipsychotic-Related QT Prolongation During Nighttime: A 24-Hour Holter Electrocardiogram Recording Study
Abstract: Most antipsychotic agents can cause QT prolongation, which causes torsades de pointes. The QT interval in healthy subjects is longer during nighttime than during daytime. The QT interval of patients treated with antipsychotics may be prolonged during nighttime, and the effects of antipsychotics on the QT interval may differ between antipsychotics. This study investigated the circadian dynamics of the QT interval in patients treated with antipsychotics and healthy controls, using a 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram in a clinical setting.
All-Cause Mortality and Medication Risk Factors in Schizophrenia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Background: It is well established that persons with schizophrenia have high mortality rates. There is conflicting evidence that antipsychotic and perhaps other medications routinely used to treat schizophrenia contribute to mortality risk.
Methods: A health insurer database was used to examine schizophrenia diagnosis and mortality in 2008. Information from the period 2006–2008 was used to analyze demographics and medication prescriptions.
Risky Dopamine
The study by Sugam et al. () is remarkable in several respects. It is one of the very few neurophysiological studies dealing with risky rewards. It assessed the changes in dopamine concentration in the core of nucleus accumbens, one of the main components of the brain's reward system. Whereas several brain lesion and inactivation studies have described behavioral alterations of decision making under risk, this study is aiming toward a mechanistic neuronal account of the influence of risk on reward choices.
[Comment] Autoimmune diseases and risk of pulmonary embolism
In The Lancet, Bengt Zöller and colleagues have obtained data from the MigMed2 database (constructed from several national Swedish data registers) and report analyses to show that pulmonary embolism is a serious problem in patients with autoimmune disease. The investigators’ conclusion that autoimmune disorders should be regarded as hypercoagulable is well validated in their study.
[Articles] Risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with autoimmune disorders: a nationwide follow-up study from Sweden
Autoimmune disorders are associated with a high risk of pulmonary embolism in the first year after hospital admission. Our findings suggest that these disorders in general should be regarded as hypercoagulable disorders.
[Review] Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: risk and protective factors
We undertook a systematic search and review of individual, family, community, and societal risk and protective factors for mental health in children and adolescents who are forcibly displaced to high-income countries. Exposure to violence has been shown to be a key risk factor, whereas stable settlement and social support in the host country have a positive effect on the child's psychological functioning.
Cardiovascular Mortality in Women With Obstructive Sleep Apnea With or Without Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment: A Cohort Study
Background:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular death in men, but whether it is also a risk factor in women is unknown.
Objective:
To investigate whether OSA is a risk factor for cardiovascular death in women and assess whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment is associated with a change in risk.
Design:
Prospective, observational cohort study.
Setting:
2 sleep clinics in Spain.
Patients:
All women consecutively referred for suspected OSA between 1998 and 2007.
Risk Factors and Precipitants of Long-Term Disability in Community Mobility: A Cohort Study of Older Persons
Background:
Relatively little is known about why older persons develop long-term disability in community mobility.
Objective:
To identify the risk factors and precipitants for long-term disability in walking a quarter mile and driving a car.
Design:
Prospective cohort study from March 1998 to December 2009.
Setting:
Greater New Haven, Connecticut.
Participants:
641 persons, aged 70 years or older, who were active drivers or nondisabled in walking a quarter mile. Persons who were physically frail were oversampled.